How do modern browsers work?

Google published a series of articles about "Inside look at modern web browser". It's a great read.

https://developer.chrome.com/blog/inside-browser-part1/
https://developer.chrome.com/blog/inside-browser-part2/
https://developer.chrome.com/blog/inside-browser-part3/
https://developer.chrome.com/blog/inside-browser-part4/