Mastering OOP Fundamentals with SOLID Principles

Imagine trying to build a complex machine, but instead of using pre-made, reusable parts, we have to carve each component. Every screw, bolt, and gear must be recreated from scratch, making the process slow, error-prone, and nearly impossible to scale.

Software development faces the same challenge. Projects can become unmanageable and fragile without a structured way to reuse, organize, and scale code.

That’s where Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) comes in.

OOP is a programming paradigm that organizes software around objects. Think of objects like LEGO bricks. Each object is a self-contained unit that bundles together data and the methods that operate on that data. By using modular and reusable components, developers can build complex systems efficiently without reinventing the wheel every time.

A few key reasons why OOP is so widely used in modern development are as follows:

• OOP lets developers structure large applications into smaller, modular components.

• If OOP is applied correctly, changes in one part of the code are less likely to break other parts.

• OOP allows better code reuse opportunities.

• Data is protected and accessible through controlled mechanisms.

Four core fundamentals form the foundation of object-oriented programming: encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.

However, just knowing these principles is not enough. While OOP provides structure, not all object-oriented code is good code. To avoid this, developers also follow SOLID principles.

In this article, we will take a deep dive into the core fundamentals of OOP followed by an introduction to the SOLID principles.

Core Fundamentals of OOP